At least 40 people have been killed in an attack on a funeral in el-Obeid, the capital of Sudan’s North Kordofan state, according to the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). Citing local sources, OCHA said on Tuesday that the attack took place in the government-held city, though it did not specify the exact date or identify those responsible. The assault comes amid rising tensions in the region, with reports suggesting that the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) — a powerful paramilitary group — may be preparing a major offensive on el-Obeid, while Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) troops fortify positions to defend the city. “The security situation in the Kordofan region continues to worsen,” OCHA warned. “Once again, we call for an immediate cessation of hostilities and for all parties to protect civilians and respect international humanitarian law.” Worsening Violence Across Kordofan and Darfur Fighting in the oil-producing Kordofan region has escalated sharply in recent weeks. Thousands of residents fled to el-Obeid last week after the RSF recaptured Bara, a city located about 60 kilometres (37 miles) to the north, from the Sudanese army. Meanwhile, the RSF has also seized control of el-Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, following the withdrawal of SAF forces. The UN reports that more than 70,000 people have fled el-Fasher and its surrounding areas since the takeover. Witnesses and human rights groups have documented widespread atrocities, including summary executions, sexual violence, and civilian massacres. Nathaniel Raymond, Executive Director of the Humanitarian Research Lab at Yale’s School of Public Health, told Al Jazeera that RSF fighters had “begun to dig mass graves and collect bodies throughout the city.” UN officials fear that thousands remain trapped in el-Fasher amid worsening humanitarian conditions. A War of Devastating Scale Sudan’s devastating civil war erupted in 2023, following a power struggle between the RSF and the SAF, plunging the capital, Khartoum, into chaos and spreading across multiple states. The RSF now controls over a third of the country, according to the UN, in a conflict that has claimed tens of thousands of lives and displaced 12 million people — nearly a quarter of Sudan’s population. The crisis is now considered the world’s largest humanitarian disaster. On Tuesday, Sudan’s Defence Minister Hassan Kabroun said the army would continue its campaign against the RSF after the country’s Security and Defence Council met to deliberate on a United States proposal for a ceasefire. As violence continues to engulf Sudan, the UN and humanitarian agencies are renewing calls for peace talks, protection of civilians, and unimpeded access for aid delivery in one of the most dire crises of the 21st century.